Tesis profesional presentada por Edgard Elías Torres Rodríguez [edgard.torresrz@udlap.mx]

Licenciatura en Física. Departamento de Actuaría, Física y Matemáticas. Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla.

Jurado Calificador

Director: Dr. Martin Hentschinski
Co-directora: Dra. Melina Gómez Bock

Cholula, Puebla, México a 17 de enero de 2023.

Resumen

In this work, we will present the history and evidence which led us to the conclusion that there must be some invisible matter we are not observing. Due to these observations through the years, we will gather the evidence to understand how this new type of matter behaves and its possible properties. Then, we will discuss the motivation to extend the actual model of particle physics into a supersymmetric theory and present the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, which allows the existence of a new particle, named neutralino, that presents all the properties we are looking for. Finally, we will explain the free parameters of this model and how we will choose four different cases, varying the parameters M1, M2, MA, tanβ, and μ, to describe the mass of the potential Dark Matter particle, within the extended Higgs sector of the extended Standard Model.

Palabras clave: dark matter, particle physics, neutralino, supersymmetry, quantum field theory, standard model.

Table of content

Portada

Índices

Capítulo 1. Introduction

Capítulo 2. History & Observational Evidence of Dark Matter

  • 2.1 Early Indications
  • 2.2 Anomalies in Galactic Rotation Curve
  • 2.3 Clusters & Large Structures Scale
  • 2.4 Hot & Cold Dark Matter
  • 2.5 Cosmological Scale
  • 2.6 Properties

Capítulo 3. Early Universe Production

  • 3.1 Thermodynamics in the Early Stages
  • 3.2 WIMPs
  • 3.3 Relic Density

Capítulo 4. Quantum Field Theory

  • 4.1 Mathematical Formalism
  • 4.2 Internal Symmetries
  • 4.3 Dirac Matrices, Spinors & Chiral Fields
  • 4.4 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
  • 4.5 Gauge Principle

Capítulo 5. The Standard Model

  • 5.1 Fermionic Sector
  • 5.2 Gauge Sector
  • 5.3 Scalar Sector
  • 5.4 QED
  • 5.5 QCD
  • 5.6 The Electroweak Theory
  • 5.7 Higgs Mechanism

Capítulo 6. Supersymmetry

  • 6.1 Hierarchy Problem
  • 6.2 SUSY Particle Spectrum
  • 6.3 SUSY Breaking
  • 6.4 Supercoordinates, Superspace, and Superfields
  • 6.5 Wess-Zumino Model
  • 6.6 Chiral Supermultiplets
  • 6.7 Gauge Supermultiplets
  • 6.8 SUSY Gauge Interactions

Capítulo 7. MSSM

  • 7.1 SUSY Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
  • 7.2 MSSM superpotential and SUSY interactions
  • 7.3 MSSM Soft SUSY breaking
  • 7.4 MSSM Lagrangian
  • 7.5 R-parity
  • 7.6 Neutralinos

Capítulo 8. hMSSM

  • 8.1 Radiative Corrections
  • 8.2 Dark Matter-Nucleon Scattering

Capítulo 9. Methodology

  • 9.1 Neutralinos Matrix Diagonalization
  • 9.2 MicrOMEGAs
  • 9.3 Number Density

Capítulo 10. Results

  • 10.1 2M1 ≃ M2
  • 10.2 M1 ≃ M2
  • 10.3 M1 ≪ M2
  • 10.4 M1 ≫ M2
  • 10.5 Comoving Number Density

Capítulo 11. Conclusions

Referencias

Torres Rodríguez, E. E. 2023. On the Supersymmetric parameters of the neutralino as a candidate for Dark Matter and the Extended Higgs Sector in the hMSSM. Tesis Licenciatura. Física. Departamento de Actuaría, Física y Matemáticas, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla. Enero. Derechos Reservados © 2023.